Índice elevado de CPOD em pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal

The aim of this study was to appraise the presence of decayed, filled, missed teeth (DFMT) and the oral conditions about the oral mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and compare them with healthy patients. Ninety nine patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), eighty with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and seventy four control patients (C) were examinated. The intra-oral examination registered the DMFT index, the plaque index and the oral soft tissue lesions. The average age, in years, was 38,99 (± 12,90); 43,33 (± 13,21) and 40,28 (± 12,87) for CD, UC and C, respectively. A high prevalence of DMFT was showed in DC (p= 0.016) and UC ( < 0,0001) groups compared to C group. The mean percentage of plaque was smaller in CD group 44,04 (DP± 30,49) than in C group 54,10 (DP ±26,4), p= 0,017; but there weren´t differences at percentage of plaque between UC and C groups. In relation to the total oral lesions, there was significant difference in CD (p= 0.041) and UC (p= < 0.0001) towards C group, being pyostomatitis vegetans the significant difference lesion between the groups. It was concluded that when the inflammatory bowel disease (DC and UC) are considered separately, a high DMFT index is observed in relation to control group; and patients with intestinal involvement show more oral lesions than the control groups patients, thus when the lesions are observed separated, the pyostomatitis vegetans is the only one that shows significant prevalence in those groups.O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a presença de lesões cariosas, restauradas, elementos perdidos por cárie (CPOD) e a condição da mucosa oral em pacientes com Doença Inflamatória Intestinal e compará-los com pacientes saudáveis sistemicamente. Foram examinados 99 pacientes com Doença de Crohn (DC), 80 com Colite Ulcerativa (UC) e 74 controles (C). No exame clínico, foram registrados o índice CPOD, o índice de placa e a presença de lesões no tecido mole oral. A idade média, em anos, foi de 38,99 (DP± 12,90); 43,33 (DP ± 13,21) e 40,28 (DP ± 12,87) para os grupos DC, UC e C, respectivamente. Houve aumento significante na prevalência do índice de CPOD no grupo DC (p = 0,016) e UC ( < 0,0001), quando comparado ao C. A porcentagem de placa foi menor no grupo DC 44,04 (DP± 30,49) que no C 54,10 (DP ±26,4), p= 0,017, mas não houve diferença entre UC e C. Com relação ao número total de lesões orais, foi observada diferença significante entre os grupos DC (p= 0.041) e UC (p= < 0.0001) e o grupo C, sendo a pioestomatite a lesão significantemente diferente entre esses grupos. Assim, conclui-se que, quando as doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DC e UC) são avaliadas separadamente, elevado índice de CPOD foi observado em relação ao grupo de controle; e pacientes com comprometimento intestinal apresentam mais lesões bucais que os pacientes do grupo de controle, sendo que, quando as lesões são observadas separadamente, a pioestomatite vegetante é a única que se mostra significantemente prevalente naqueles grupos

Lower insulin-dose adjusted A1c (IDAA1c) is associated with less complications in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes treated with hematopoetic stem-cell transplantation and conventional therapy

Objective: To evaluate the association between insulin-dose adjusted A1C (IDAA1c) and microvascular complications (MC) and hypoglycemia in a representative Brazilian population of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Research Design and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on a previous study, “Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes: a comparative analysis of patients treated with autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHST) and conventional medical therapy (CT)”. The 168 patients in that study (144 from CT plus 24 from AHST) were re-subdivided into two groups, according to their IDAA1c values (30 patients had IDAA1c ≤ 9; 138 had IDAA1c > 9). Then, the prevalence of MC (diabetic renal disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy), hypoglycemia (blood glucose <60 mg/dL), and severe hypoglycemic (episode of hypoglycemia that required the assistance of another person to treat) events were compared between the groups. The groups were well-matched on these factors: duration of disease, sex, and age at the time of diagnosis of T1DM. Results: After an average of 8 years after diagnosis, only 6.6% (2/30) of the patients from IDAA1c ≤ 9 group developed any MC, whereas 21.0% (29/138) from the IDAA1c > 9 group had at least one complication (p = 0.044). Regarding hypoglycemic events, the proportion of individuals who reported at least 1 episode of hypoglycemia in the last month was 43.3 and 64.7% from the IDAA1c ≤ 9 and IDAA1c > 9 groups, respectively (p = 0.030). Regarding severe hypoglycemia, the proportion of patients presenting at least one episode in the last month and the rate of episode/patient/month were similar between groups (6.7 vs. 13.2%; p = 0.535; and 0.1/patient/month vs. 0.25/patient/month; p = 0.321). Conclusion: In a representative Brazilian population of T1DM patients, those with IDAA1c ≤ 9 presented a lower frequency of MC, as well as fewer episodes of hypoglycemia, in the month prior to the analysis.publishedVersio

Parasitoid Increases Survival of Its Pupae by Inducing Hosts to Fight Predators

Many true parasites and parasitoids modify the behaviour of their host, and these changes are thought to be to the benefit of the parasites. However, field tests of this hypothesis are scarce, and it is often unclear whether the host or the parasite profits from the behavioural changes, or even if parasitism is a cause or consequence of the behaviour. We show that braconid parasitoids (Glyptapanteles sp.) induce their caterpillar host (Thyrinteina leucocerae) to behave as a bodyguard of the parasitoid pupae. After parasitoid larvae exit from the host to pupate, the host stops feeding, remains close to the pupae, knocks off predators with violent head-swings, and dies before reaching adulthood. Unparasitized caterpillars do not show these behaviours. In the field, the presence of bodyguard hosts resulted in a two-fold reduction in mortality of parasitoid pupae. Hence, the behaviour appears to be parasitoid-induced and confers benefits exclusively to the parasitoid

Data standardization of plant–pollinator interactions

Background: Animal pollination is an important ecosystem function and service, ensuring both the integrity of natural systems and human well-being. Although many knowledge shortfalls remain, some high-quality data sets on biological interactions are now available. The development and adoption of standards for biodiversity data and metadata has promoted great advances in biological data sharing and aggregation, supporting large-scale studies and science-based public policies. However, these standards are currently not suitable to fully support interaction data sharing. Results: Here we present a vocabulary of terms and a data model for sharing plant–pollinator interactions data based on the Darwin Core standard. The vocabulary introduces 48 new terms targeting several aspects of plant–pollinator interactions and can be used to capture information from different approaches and scales. Additionally, we provide solutions for data serialization using RDF, XML, and DwC-Archives and recommendations of existing controlled vocabularies for some of the terms. Our contribution supports open access to standardized data on plant–pollinator interactions. Conclusions: The adoption of the vocabulary would facilitate data sharing to support studies ranging from the spatial and temporal distribution of interactions to the taxonomic, phenological, functional, and phylogenetic aspects of plant–pollinator interactions. We expect to fill data and knowledge gaps, thus further enabling scientific research on the ecology and evolution of plant–pollinator communities, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and the development of public policies. The proposed data model is flexible and can be adapted for sharing other types of interactions data by developing discipline-specific vocabularies of termsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Agricultura familiar e programas de desenvolvimento rural no Alto Jequitinhonha.

Os regimes agrários peculiares e os baixos níveis relativos dos indicadores sócio-econômicos fizeram com que a região do alto Jequitinhonha, nordeste de Minas Gerais, fosse considerada uma das mais complexas do Brasil. Por isso, vários governos orientaram para lá programas de desenvolvimento rural. Mas esses esforços não produziram bons resultados. Este artigo analisa as relações entre programas públicos e agricultura familiar, fazendo um balanço dos métodos e resultados das últimas três décadas. Conclui pela necessidade de incorporar as especificidades de história, ambientes e sociedade aos programas, que deveriam partir das experiências das organizações da região e se ajustar às ações e à cultura desses agricultores

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio